Sign in to Chrome on any device to access your bookmarks, saved passwords and more. This device won’t receive updates because Google Chrome no longer supports your operating system. On September 21, 2017, HTC announced a "cooperation agreement" in which it would sell non-exclusive rights to certain intellectual property, as well as smartphone talent, to Google for $1.1 billion. The Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) was launched in October 2013; Google is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also includes Facebook, Intel, and Microsoft. The partnership integrates Google Maps and Place into new car models to be released later in 2013. Google also announced in 2008 that it was hosting an archive of Life Magazine's photographs.
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Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and click-throughs, with bidding starting at $.05 per click. The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex, a number that is equal to 1 followed by a googol of zeros). After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 2003.
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The sale raised US$1.67 billion, and gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23 billion. In January 2004, Google announced the hiring of Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group to arrange an IPO. While Google still needed more funding for their further expansion, Brin and Page were hesitant to take the company public, despite their financial issues. On June 7, 1999, a round of equity funding totalling $25 million was announced, the major investors being rival venture capital firms Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. The first funding for Google as a company was secured in August 1998 in the form of a US$100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given to a corporation which did not yet exist. In September 2025, Mehta ruled that Google would not be required to divest of Chrome or Android, but could no longer include search in exclusive contracts.
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In 2008, Google developed a partnership with GeoEye to launch a satellite providing Google with high-resolution (0.41 m monochrome, 1.65 m color) imagery for Google Earth. This did not allow users of Google Video to search for AOL's premium-video services. NASA and Google are planning to work together on a variety of areas, including large-scale data management, massively distributed computing, bio-info-nano convergence, and encouragement of the entrepreneurial space industry. When Alphabet was created as Google's parent company, it retained Google's stock price history and ticker symbol.
In March 1999, the company moved into offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. They formally incorporated their company, Google, on September 4, 1998, in their friend Susan Wojcicki's garage in Menlo Park, California. Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm to convert the backlink data they gathered for a given web page into a measure of importance. Brin and Page also received funding from Massive Digital Data Systems (MDDS), a program by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA) to fund the improvement of intelligence databases on the disorganized World Wide Web. The SDLP was funded through U.S. federal agencies including the National Science Foundation.
- Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd later co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in 1998.
- In 2007, Google agreed to buy DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, marking the start of its use of cookie-based tracking.
- Such measures included slowing down hiring for the remainder of 2020, except for a small number of strategic areas, recalibrating the focus and pace of investments in areas like data centers and machines, and non-business essential marketing and travel.
- Both Brin and Page had been against using advertising pop-ups in a search engine, or an "advertising funded search engines" model, and they wrote a research paper in 1998 on the topic while still students.
- The DoJ also sought to prohibit Google from re-entering the browser market for five years, selling its Android OS if needed, and halting investments in rival search engines or AI.
In early February 2025, Google announced it was ending its targets for minority recruitment and reevaluating other diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts. Privacy-focused competitors like DuckDuckGo criticized this as inadequate and insufficient to restore market competition. Department of Justice (DoJ) urged a federal court to impose significant changes on Google to address its monopoly in online search. In September 2024, Google and its parent company Alphabet Inc. were fined 2.42 billion euros by the European Commission for an antitrust case surrounding Google's shopping service. Google spent "tens of millions of dollars" on getting major publishers such as Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring some of their biggest games to Stadia.citation needed TraceTogether was notably the first national Bluetooth contact tracing app to be launched globally, debuting in March 2020.
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In 2007, Google agreed to buy DoubleClick for $3.1 billion, marking the start of its use of cookie-based tracking. In 2008, Google launched Knol, their own equivalent of Wikipedia, which failed four years later. Google replaced Burlington Resources, a major oil producer based in Houston that had been acquired by ConocoPhillips. In addition to an Internet Explorer replacement, Google gyro king designed its own Linux-based operating system called ChromeOS to directly compete with Microsoft Windows. Google has a dual-class stock structure in which each Class B share gets ten votes compared to each Class A share getting one.
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The research project was nicknamed "BackRub", and it was soon joined by Brin, who was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. The project initially involved an unofficial "third founder", lead programmer Scott Hassan, who left before Google was officially founded as a company. Google has its origins in "BackRub", a research project started in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. In 2015, Google became the main subsidiary of the holding company Alphabet Inc.
This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithm first (1996) known as "BackRub", with the help of Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg. On some apps and devices, you can use an app password to sign in to your Google Account. Set how you sign in to Google apps and services.
While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue. The case was then settled out of court; Google agreed to issue shares of common stock to Yahoo! in exchange for a perpetual license. When the company changed names to Overture Services, it sued Google over alleged infringements of the company's pay-per-click and bidding patents. This model of selling keyword advertising was first pioneered by Goto.com, an Idealab spin-off created by Bill Gross.